Puppet Enterprise 3.8 Installation - steps and fixes

The new Puppet Enterprise Version 3.8 is out since a couple of days.
It now supports Puppet 4 officially.
On mailinglist people were telling about installation issues.
This is a summary with fixes for SLES 11 and 12, CentOS 6 and 7, Ubuntu 12.04 and 14.10, Debian 6 and 7.
Seems as if Debian 8 is still to new for PE 3.8.

Puppet Enterprise on SLES

SLES and OpenSuSE are supported operatingsystems by Puppet.
But I always saw trouble when installing either the Puppet Master or the Agent on SLES.

One needs to take care on locales, paranoid umask, required packages.