Thursday, May 8, 2014
Debian on MacBook
This article adds the required information on how to get grub-efi to work in case of troubles.
Monday, August 16, 2010
Debian/GNU Squeeze with Xen 4.0 - Part 1 - base system
This posting will cover base OS installation:
- Preparation/Partitioning
- Base Debian/GNU Linux installation on Dom0
- Xen packages installation
- Make Xen-Kernel default for Grub2
Upcoming posts will cover the following items:
- Installation of Debian/GNU Linux as DomU
- Installation of Windows Vista as DomU (using HVM)
- Installation of OpenSolaris 11 as DomU (using HVM)
- Installation of BDS systems as DomU
Hardware description:
Motherboard: Intel DQ57TM
CPU: Intel Core i7
RAM: 16 GB RAM
HDD: 2x500 GB SATA (internal)
Cost (Aug 2010): 1400 Euro
Partitioning:
I want RAID 1 (mirroring) on both disks.
I want RAID 1 for / file system and swap
I want LVM on RAID 1 for all Virtual Guest systems
Trouble:
The normal Debian/GNU Linux Lenny (stable) network installation CD does not recognize the network interface (e10000).
Base installation required Debian /GNU Linux Squeeze testing network installation cdrom.
During Partitioning:
- Create empty DOS partition label on both disks
- Add RAID Partition for /
- Add RAID Partition for swap
- Add RAID Partition for LVM
/dev/sd[a|b]1 - 15 GB - Linux raid autodetect
/dev/sd[a|b]2 - 1 GB - Linux raid autodetect
/dev/sd[a|b]3 - 471 GB - Linux raid autodetect
Within the Debian installer I choosed to not use any partitions on my empty LVM volume.
Logical Volumes will be created after Xen setup.
Finish base installation. Do not select any default installation method in taksel.
Installation of Xen Kernel
After first boot into new installed system I installed xen-linux-system-2.6.32-5-xen-amd64:
apt-get install xen-linux-system-2.6.32-5-xen-amd64
Now I rebooted into Xen Kernel. Since Debian/GNU Linux Version squeeze uses grub2 I reviewed the list of available Kernels and wrote down the number of the Xen Kernel.
Then I added "GRUB_DEFAULT=6" into /etc/default/grub and run update-grub afterwards.
Network Configuration
Since I want my Virtual Systems to be available from remote I decided to use Bridging on the network interface.
In /etc/network/interfaces I setup eth0 as bridge slave.
Then I added a new bridge interface with name xenbr0.
In /etc/xen/xend-config.spi I disabled the bridge-network section by giving /bin/true as parameter.
Sunday, March 1, 2009
KDE 4.2 on Debian/GNU Lenny
Compared to Versoin 4.1 the new version seems far more stable.
The only "semi-official" way to install KDE 4.2 on Lenny is by putting experimental in your sources list and make use of apt-pinning.
Personally I do not like apt-pinning.
Therefor I made a backport.
Put the following into your source.list:
deb http://www.debian-desktop.org/pub/linux/kde42 lenny kde42
If you like to review the sources:
deb-src http://www.debian-desktop.org/pub/linux/kde42 lenny kde42
The packages are - yet - unsigned.
Hopefully I will have some time within the next weeks to also sign the packages.
Tuesday, November 4, 2008
PostgreSQL Replication and Load-Balancing
The task was to set up a number of PostgreSQL systems that should always have identical data so one can do load-balancing.
I found the tool pgpool-II (http://pgfoundry.org/projects/pgpool/) quite useful for this.
Unluckily Debian GNU/Linux only has Version 1.3 in its repositories (lenny).
I took the sources of Version 2.1 and created a new package.
Simple load-balancing and replication is quite easy and straight forward. But...
what to do if one nodes gets broken or needs the database to be reinitialized?
Even here pgpool-II offers lots of help by making use of the PITR (point in time recovery) functionality of PostgreSQL.
I came up with the following solution:
1. Install first node with postgres and other necessary packages:
apt-get install postgresql-8.3 postgresql-client-8.3
postgresql-client-common postgresql-common postgresql-contrib-8.3
postgresql-server-dev-8.3 make
2. create a path for the PITR archive logs (we need them later for recovery)
mkdir /var/lib/postgresql-archive
chown postgres. /var/lib/postgresql-archive
3. ssh-keys for postgresql user
create ssh-keys without passphrase for postgresql user and distribute the key as authorizedkeys file to all nodes.
Hint: we need to copy some data over the filesystem without interaction or login.
4. make changes to the postgresql configuration file
/etc/postgresql/8.3/main/postgresql.conf
listenaddresses = '*'
archivemode = on
archivecommand = 'test ! -f /var/lib/postgresql-archive/%f && cp %p /var/lib/postgresql-archive/%f'
archive_timeout = 605. make changes to the pgpool configuration file
listen_addresses = '*'
replication_mode = true
load_balanced_mode = true
pgpool2_hostname = 'localhost'
recovery_timeout = 90
replication_timeout = 5000
backend_hostname0 = 'postgres-1'
backend_port0 = 5432
backend_weight = 1
backend_data_directory0 = '/var/lib/postgresql/8.3/main/'
backend_hostname1 = 'postgres-2'
backend_port1 = 5432
backend_weight = 1
backend_data_directory1 = '/var/lib/postgresql/8.3/main/
[...]
recovery_user = 'postgres'
recovery_password =
recovery_1st_stage_command = 'copy-base-backup'
recovery_2nd_stage_command = 'pgpool-recovery-pitr'6. make changes to the configuration file for the pgpool control processor
/etc/pcp.conf
use the comand pg_md5 to generate md5 hashes of passwords.
pg_md5 <password>
add entries to the configuration file:
<username>:<md5 hash of password>7. create 1st stage backup script in /var/lib/postgresql/8.3/main/copy-base-backup
#!/bin/sh
datadir=$1 DEST=$2 DESTDIR=$3
# switch master to prepare for backup
psql -c "select pg_start_backup('pgpool-recovery')" postgres
# prepare local command for archive fetching from master warning! scp hostname should be different for every system!
echo "restore_command = 'scp postgres-1:/var/lib/postgresql-archive/%f %p'" > /var/lib/postgresql/8.3/main/recovery.conf
# create complete tarball on master
tar
-C /var/lib/postgresql/8.3 -czf main.tar.gz main/global main/base
main/pg_multixact main/pg_subtrans main/pg_clog main/pg_xlog
main/pg_twophase main/pg_tblspc main/recovery.conf
main/backup_label.old
# switch master back to normal operation
psql -c 'select pg_stop_backup()' postgres
# copy tarball to destination
scp main.tar.gz $DEST:/var/lib/postgresql/8.3/
# last line8. create 2nd stage recovery script /var/lib/postgresql/8.3/main/pgpool_recovery_pitr
#! /bin/sh
psql -c 'select pg_switch_xlog()' postgres
# last line9. create post restore initialization script /var/lib/postgresql/8.3/main/pgpool_remote_start
#! /bin/sh
if [ $# -ne 2 ]
then
- echo "pgpool_remote_start remote_host remote_datadir" exit 1
fi
DEST=$1
DESTDIR=$2
PGCTL=/usr/lib/postgresql/8.3/bin/pg_ctl
ssh -T $DEST $PGCTL -w -D /var/lib/postgresql/8.3/main/ stop 2>/dev/null 1>/dev/null < /dev/null
# delete old content
ssh
-T $DEST 'cd /var/lib/postgresql/8.3/; rm -r main/global main/base
main/pg_multixact main/pg_subtrans main/pg_clog main/pg_xlog
main/pg_twophase main/pg_tblspc main/recovery.conf
main/backup_label.old'
# expand the archive on the remote system
ssh -T $DEST 'cd /var/lib/postgresql/8.3/; tar zxf main.tar.gz' 2>/dev/null 1>/dev/null < /dev/null
# restart postgresql on the remote system
ssh -T $DEST $PGCTL -w -D /etc/postgresql/8.3/main/ start 2>/dev/null 1>/dev/null < /dev/null &
# last line10. prepare databases
log in to first database node.
stop postgresql
cd /var/lib/postgresql/8.3/; tar zxf main.tar.gz main
stop postgresql on all other nodes
copy main.tar.gz to all other nodes
extract main.tar.gz on all other nodes
start postgresql on all nodes11. install pgpool2 Admin interface (web based)
fetch pgpoolAdmin sources from http://pgfoundry.org/projects/pgpool/
apt-get install apache2 libapache2-mod-php5 php5-pgsql
copy content to /var/www/pgpooladmin
open a browser: http://<nodename>/pgpooladmin/install/
follow the setup description (name proper paths to files, set permissions)12. prepare system for pgpool in combination with PITR on line recovery
The postgresql on-line recovery makes use of the PITR (point in time recovery).
Postgresql writes all transactions to a log (/var/lib/postgresql-archive) and remembers last made transaction.
To make use of pgpool and on-line recovery the template1 database needs to have the C language function installed.
cd /root/pgpool2-2.1/sql/pgpool-recovery
make install
su - postgres
cd /root/pgpool2-2.1/sql/pgpool-recovery
psql -f pgpool-recovery.sql template1
13. recovery
do never run the recovery on the host that you like to recover!!!!
log in to a functional node and run the following commands:
pcp_detach_node 10 localhost 9898 <username> <password> <number of node to recover>
pcp_recovery_node 10 localhost 9898 <username> <password> <number of node to recover>
afterwards log in to the web-admin interfaces on all nodes and enable the recovered system
or log in to all other nodes and runpcp_attach_node 10 localhost <username> <password> <number of node to attach>
Wednesday, May 7, 2008
OpenLDAP replication with OS X Server as Master
Now we thought on having the same credentials on our Debian GNU/Linux based intranet systems.
Since Apple is running an OpenLDAP compatible solution (OpenDirectory) we wanted to have local OpenLDAP replica on the interanet systems for authentication and as Address book.
First we learned that Apple did some incompatible changes to their schema which needed to be fixed by another schema (apple_fix) which has to loaded prior the apple schema in slapd.conf.
Additionally some changes to the slapd.conf file had to be necessary.
List of files you will need:
- Download apple cosine schema file
- Download apple misc schema file
- Download apple samba schema file
- Download apple fmserver schema file
- Download fix for apple schema file
- Download apple schema file
- Download slapd.conf file
Wednesday, February 27, 2008
Xen: 4gb fixup message and rpmstrap CentOS4
We run CentOS 4 and Debian GNU/Linux 4.0 as guest systems.
We initialize each guest system using rpmstrap for CentOS and debootstrap for Debian.
The rpmstrap package on Debian GNU/Linux 4.0 does not provide support for CentOS 4.
Therefore we adopted some changes from the provided centos3 script.
Download file
After initializing the guest systems console and logfiles get spammed with messages regarding 4gb fixup.
Solution for 4gb fixup messages:
Within the guest system remove /lib/tls
# Copyright 2005 Progeny Linux Systems, Inc.
# Copyright 2007 iconmobile group
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
# Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
#
# Authors: Sam Hart
# Jake Tabke
# Derrik Pates
# Juraj Bednar (x86_64 support)
# Martin Alfke (CentOS4)
suite_notes() {
cat <
---------------------
Builds a basic CentOS 4 bootstrap.
Authors: Sam Hart, Jake Tabke, Derrik Pates, Juraj Bednar
EOF
}
work_out_mirror() {
local big_mirror_list=""
case $ARCH in
i[3456]86)
big_mirror_list=$(cat <
http://centos.cs.ucr.edu/centos/centos/4.1/os/i386/CentOS/RPMS/
http://ibiblio.org/pub/linux/distributions/caoslinux/centos/4/os/i386/CentOS/RPMS/
http://centos.absinet.net/centos/4.1/os/i386/CentOS/RPMS/
EOF
)
;;
x86_64)
big_mirror_list=$(cat <
http://centos.cs.ucr.edu/centos/centos/4.1/os/x86_64/CentOS/RPMS/
http://ibiblio.org/pub/linux/distributions/caoslinux/centos/4/os/x86_64/CentOS/RPMS/
http://centos.absinet.net/centos/4.1/os/x86_64/CentOS/RPMS/
EOF
)
;;
*)
die "Arch $ARCH is unsupported"
;;
esac
set_mirrors $big_mirror_list
}
work_out_rpms() {
case $ARCH in
i[3456]86)
RPMS=$(cat <
1:filesystem-2.3.0-1.i386.rpm
2:basesystem-8.0-4.noarch.rpm
3:tzdata-2006g-1.EL4.noarch.rpm
4:glibc-common-2.3.4-2.25.i386.rpm
5:libgcc-3.4.6-3.i386.rpm
6:glibc-2.3.4-2.25.i686.rpm
7:mktemp-1.5-20.i386.rpm
8:termcap-5.4-3.noarch.rpm
9:libtermcap-2.0.8-39.i386.rpm
10:bash-3.0-19.3.i386.rpm
11:ncurses-5.4-13.i386.rpm
12:zlib-1.2.1.2-1.2.i386.rpm
13:info-4.7-5.i386.rpm
14:libselinux-1.19.1-7.2.i386.rpm
15:findutils-4.1.20-7.el4.1.i386.rpm
15:pcre-4.5-3.2.RHEL4.i386.rpm
16:grep-2.5.1-32.2.i386.rpm
16:words-3.0-3.noarch.rpm
17:libattr-2.4.16-3.i386.rpm
18:libacl-2.2.23-5.i386.rpm
19:cracklib-dicts-2.7-29.i386.rpm
19:cracklib-2.7-29.i386.rpm
20:libstdc++-3.4.6-3.i386.rpm
21:db4-4.2.52-7.1.i386.rpm
22:glib-1.2.10-15.i386.rpm
23:glib2-2.4.7-1.i386.rpm
24:sed-4.1.2-5.EL4.i386.rpm
25:gawk-3.1.3-10.1.i386.rpm
26:centos-release-4-4.2.i386.rpm
27:psmisc-21.4-4.1.i386.rpm
28:iproute-2.6.9-3.EL4.3.i386.rpm
29:iputils-20020927-18.EL4.3.i386.rpm
30:chkconfig-1.3.13.4-1.i386.rpm
31:e2fsprogs-1.35-12.4.EL4.i386.rpm
32:ethtool-1.8-4.i386.rpm
33:mingetty-1.07-3.i386.rpm
34:net-tools-1.60-37.EL4.8.i386.rpm
35:popt-1.9.1-18_nonptl.i386.rpm
35:readline-4.3-13.i386.rpm
36:audit-libs-1.0.14-1.EL4.i386.rpm
36:audit-1.0.14-1.EL4.i386.rpm
36:mkinitrd-4.2.1.8-1.i386.rpm
36:kernel-2.6.9-42.EL.i686.rpm
36:hotplug-2004_04_01-7.7.i386.rpm
36:libsepol-1.1.1-2.i386.rpm
36:device-mapper-1.02.07-4.0.RHEL4.i386.rpm
36:hwdata-0.146.22.EL-1.noarch.rpm
36:tar-1.14-10.RHEL4.i386.rpm
36:cpio-2.5-9.RHEL4.i386.rpm
36:gzip-1.3.3-15.rhel4.i386.rpm
36:usbutils-0.11-6.1.i386.rpm
36:lvm2-2.02.06-6.0.RHEL4.i386.rpm
36:less-382-4.i386.rpm
36:MAKEDEV-3.15.2-3.i386.rpm
36:pam-0.77-66.17.i386.rpm
36:initscripts-7.93.25.EL-1.centos4.i386.rpm
36:coreutils-5.2.1-31.4.i386.rpm
36:SysVinit-2.85-34.3.i386.rpm
36:shadow-utils-4.0.3-60.RHEL4.i386.rpm
36:udev-039-10.15.EL4.i386.rpm
36:util-linux-2.12a-16.EL4.20.i386.rpm
36:sysklogd-1.4.1-26_EL.i386.rpm
36:which-2.16-4.i386.rpm
36:module-init-tools-3.1-0.pre5.3.2.i386.rpm
36:procps-3.2.3-8.4.i386.rpm
37:beecrypt-3.1.0-6.i386.rpm
38:bzip2-libs-1.0.2-13.EL4.3.i386.rpm
39:bzip2-1.0.2-13.EL4.3.i386.rpm
40:elfutils-libelf-0.97.1-3.i386.rpm
40:binutils-2.15.92.0.2-21.i386.rpm
41:elfutils-0.97.1-3.i386.rpm
42:gdbm-1.8.0-24.i386.rpm
43:gmp-4.1.4-3.i386.rpm
44:krb5-libs-1.3.4-33.i386.rpm
45:openssl-0.9.7a-43.10.i686.rpm
46:libxml2-2.6.16-6.i386.rpm
47:python-2.3.4-14.2.i386.rpm
48:libxml2-python-2.6.16-6.i386.rpm
48:file-4.10-2.EL4.4.i386.rpm
48:perl-5.8.5-36.RHEL4.i386.rpm
48:perl-Filter-1.30-6.i386.rpm
48:patch-2.5.4-20.i386.rpm
49:rpmdb-CentOS-4.4-0.20060823.i386.rpm
49:rpm-build-4.3.3-18_nonptl.i386.rpm
49:rpm-libs-4.3.3-18_nonptl.i386.rpm
49:rpm-4.3.3-18_nonptl.i386.rpm
50:rpm-python-4.3.3-18_nonptl.i386.rpm
51:wget-1.10.2-0.40E.i386.rpm
52:python-elementtree-1.2.6-4.2.1.i386.rpm
52:python-sqlite-1.1.7-1.2.i386.rpm
52:python-urlgrabber-2.9.8-2.noarch.rpm
52:expat-1.95.7-4.i386.rpm
52:sqlite-3.3.3-1.2.i386.rpm
52:yum-2.4.3-1.c4.noarch.rpm
53:nano-1.2.4-1.i386.rpm
54:openldap-2.2.13-6.4E.i386.rpm
54:cyrus-sasl-2.1.19-5.EL4.i386.rpm
54:cyrus-sasl-md5-2.1.19-5.EL4.i386.rpm
55:libuser-0.52.5-1.el4.1.i386.rpm
56:passwd-0.68-10.1.i386.rpm
EOF
)
;;
x86_64)
RPMS=$(cat <
1:filesystem-2.3.0-1.x86_64.rpm
2:basesystem-8.0-4.noarch.rpm
3:tzdata-2006a-1.EL4.noarch.rpm
4:glibc-common-2.3.4-2.19.x86_64.rpm
5:libgcc-3.4.5-2.x86_64.rpm
6:glibc-2.3.4-2.19.x86_64.rpm
7:mktemp-1.5-20.x86_64.rpm
8:termcap-5.4-3.noarch.rpm
9:libtermcap-2.0.8-39.x86_64.rpm
10:bash-3.0-19.2.x86_64.rpm
11:ncurses-5.4-13.x86_64.rpm
12:zlib-1.2.1.2-1.2.x86_64.rpm
13:info-4.7-5.x86_64.rpm
14:libselinux-1.19.1-7.x86_64.rpm
15:findutils-4.1.20-7.x86_64.rpm
15:pcre-4.5-3.2.RHEL4.x86_64.rpm
16:grep-2.5.1-31.x86_64.rpm
16:words-3.0-3.noarch.rpm
17:libattr-2.4.16-3.x86_64.rpm
18:libacl-2.2.23-5.x86_64.rpm
19:cracklib-dicts-2.7-29.x86_64.rpm
19:cracklib-2.7-29.x86_64.rpm
20:libstdc++-3.4.5-2.x86_64.rpm
21:db4-4.2.52-7.1.x86_64.rpm
22:glib-1.2.10-15.x86_64.rpm
23:glib2-2.4.7-1.x86_64.rpm
24:sed-4.1.2-4.x86_64.rpm
25:gawk-3.1.3-10.1.x86_64.rpm
26:centos-release-4-3.2.x86_64.rpm
27:psmisc-21.4-4.x86_64.rpm
28:iproute-2.6.9-3.x86_64.rpm
29:iputils-20020927-18.EL4.2.x86_64.rpm
30:chkconfig-1.3.13.3-2.x86_64.rpm
31:e2fsprogs-1.35-12.3.EL4.x86_64.rpm
32:ethtool-1.8-4.x86_64.rpm
33:mingetty-1.07-3.x86_64.rpm
34:net-tools-1.60-37.EL4.6.x86_64.rpm
35:popt-1.9.1-13_nonptl.x86_64.rpm
35:readline-4.3-13.x86_64.rpm
36:audit-libs-1.0.12-1.EL4.x86_64.rpm
36:audit-1.0.12-1.EL4.x86_64.rpm
36:mkinitrd-4.2.1.6-1.x86_64.rpm
36:kernel-2.6.9-34.EL.x86_64.rpm
36:hotplug-2004_04_01-7.6.x86_64.rpm
36:libsepol-1.1.1-2.x86_64.rpm
36:device-mapper-1.02.02-3.0.RHEL4.x86_64.rpm
36:hwdata-0.146.18.EL-1.noarch.rpm
36:tar-1.14-9.RHEL4.x86_64.rpm
36:cpio-2.5-8.RHEL4.x86_64.rpm
36:gzip-1.3.3-15.rhel4.x86_64.rpm
36:usbutils-0.11-6.1.x86_64.rpm
36:lvm2-2.02.01-1.3.RHEL4.x86_64.rpm
36:less-382-4.x86_64.rpm
36:MAKEDEV-3.15.2-3.x86_64.rpm
36:pam-0.77-66.14.x86_64.rpm
36:initscripts-7.93.24.EL-1.1.centos4.x86_64.rpm
36:coreutils-5.2.1-31.2.x86_64.rpm
36:SysVinit-2.85-34.3.x86_64.rpm
36:shadow-utils-4.0.3-60.RHEL4.x86_64.rpm
36:udev-039-10.12.EL4.x86_64.rpm
36:util-linux-2.12a-16.EL4.16.x86_64.rpm
36:sysklogd-1.4.1-26_EL.x86_64.rpm
36:which-2.16-4.x86_64.rpm
36:module-init-tools-3.1-0.pre5.3.2.x86_64.rpm
36:procps-3.2.3-8.3.x86_64.rpm
37:beecrypt-3.1.0-6.x86_64.rpm
38:bzip2-libs-1.0.2-13.EL4.3.x86_64.rpm
39:bzip2-1.0.2-13.EL4.3.x86_64.rpm
40:elfutils-libelf-0.97-5.x86_64.rpm
40:binutils-2.15.92.0.2-18.x86_64.rpm
41:elfutils-0.97-5.x86_64.rpm
42:gdbm-1.8.0-24.x86_64.rpm
43:gmp-4.1.4-3.x86_64.rpm
44:krb5-libs-1.3.4-27.x86_64.rpm
45:openssl-0.9.7a-43.8.x86_64.rpm
46:libxml2-2.6.16-6.x86_64.rpm
47:python-2.3.4-14.1.x86_64.rpm
48:libxml2-python-2.6.16-6.x86_64.rpm
48:file-4.10-2.EL4.3.x86_64.rpm
48:perl-5.8.5-24.RHEL4.x86_64.rpm
48:perl-Filter-1.30-6.x86_64.rpm
48:patch-2.5.4-20.x86_64.rpm
49:rpmdb-CentOS-4.3-0.20060315.x86_64.rpm
49:rpm-build-4.3.3-13_nonptl.x86_64.rpm
49:rpm-libs-4.3.3-13_nonptl.x86_64.rpm
49:rpm-4.3.3-13_nonptl.x86_64.rpm
50:rpm-python-4.3.3-13_nonptl.x86_64.rpm
51:wget-1.10.2-0.40E.x86_64.rpm
52:centos-yumconf-4-4.5.noarch.rpm
52:yum-2.4.2-2.centos4.noarch.rpm
53:nano-1.2.4-1.x86_64.rpm
54:openldap-2.2.13-4.x86_64.rpm
54:cyrus-sasl-2.1.19-5.EL4.x86_64.rpm
54:cyrus-sasl-md5-2.1.19-5.EL4.x86_64.rpm
55:libuser-0.52.5-1.el4.1.x86_64.rpm
56:passwd-0.68-10.1.x86_64.rpm
EOF
)
;;
*)
# No clue
;;
esac
}
print_rpms() {
local rpm_list=$(echo "$RPMS" | sed "s/[[:digit:]]\+://")
echo "RPMs for suite $RPMSUITE and arch $ARCH"
for a in $rpm_list
do
echo " : $a"
done
}
install_rpms() {
install_by_pass $RPMS
}
suite_details() {
for a in $RPMS
do
echo $a
done
}